I posted a new protocol for hair that seems to work best. My hair
always seems to bother me more in the winter, but this has gotten it
under control.
Tuesday, January 29, 2013
Merely a Slap on the Hand: Judge OKs $4B BP oil spill criminal settlement
This truly is sickening. A prearranged settlement in the amount of $4B, and BP is off the hook for the deaths of 11 workers? Spare me. Judge OKs $4B BP oil spill criminal settlement
Monday, January 28, 2013
Corexit + Crude Oil = Red Blood Cell Explosion
Just in case you didn't believe me, the following video, as well as the excerpt from Washington's Blog, may make you a believer.
Drs. Shaw and Pincetich are wildlife conservationists, and they know their "business." While Dr. Shaw references shrimp boaters/catchers and their exposure to Corexit - both 9527 and 9500, as indicated by these researchers, it is inevitable that exposure to Corexit at any level, and more deadly, the combination of Corexit and crude oil, whether kayaking, swimming, or fishing, the toxic chemicals WILL BE drawn in through the pores of the skin and/or absorbed into the lining of the lungs through respiration, and transmitted to every organ and cell in the human body.
And that's just from "limited" exposure. The result? Explosion of red blood cells! What does that mean? It means coughing up handfuls of blood, and doctors telling you there's nothing wrong. It means bleeding from your rectum - every bodily orifice. It means, consider yourself lucky if you don't die, as the medical profession, bought and paid for by Big Oil and the pharmaceutical industry, is going to send you home rather than treat you in accordance with the protocols outlined for emergency response practitioners.
What about the Gulf's sea life, exposed 24/7?
As I have previously noted, Corexit is toxic, is less effective than other dispersants, and is actually worsening the damage caused by the oil spill.
Now, two toxicologists are saying that Corexit is much more harmful to human health and marine life than we've been told.
Specifically Gulf toxicologist Dr. Susan Shaw - Founder and Director of the Marine Environmental Research Institute - dove into the oil spill to examine the chemicals present.
Dr. Shaw told CNN:
Similarly, marine biologist and toxicologist Dr. Chris Pincetich - who has an extensive background in testing the affects of chemicals on fish - says that Corexit disrupts cell membranes.
He also explains that EPA toxicity testing for Corexit is woefully inadequate, since EPA testing for mortality usually only requires a 96-hour time frame. His doctoral research found that fish that were alive at 96 hours after exposure to pesticide were dead at two weeks, so the chemicals were considered non-lethal for the purposes of the test.
Drs. Shaw and Pincetich are wildlife conservationists. But even industry scientists working for Exxon and the manufacturer of Corexit itself admit that the stuff is toxic.
Drs. Shaw and Pincetich are wildlife conservationists, and they know their "business." While Dr. Shaw references shrimp boaters/catchers and their exposure to Corexit - both 9527 and 9500, as indicated by these researchers, it is inevitable that exposure to Corexit at any level, and more deadly, the combination of Corexit and crude oil, whether kayaking, swimming, or fishing, the toxic chemicals WILL BE drawn in through the pores of the skin and/or absorbed into the lining of the lungs through respiration, and transmitted to every organ and cell in the human body.
And that's just from "limited" exposure. The result? Explosion of red blood cells! What does that mean? It means coughing up handfuls of blood, and doctors telling you there's nothing wrong. It means bleeding from your rectum - every bodily orifice. It means, consider yourself lucky if you don't die, as the medical profession, bought and paid for by Big Oil and the pharmaceutical industry, is going to send you home rather than treat you in accordance with the protocols outlined for emergency response practitioners.
What about the Gulf's sea life, exposed 24/7?
Friday, July 9, 2010
Toxicologists: Corexit “Ruptures Red Blood Cells, Causes Internal Bleeding”, "Allows Crude Oil To Penetrate “Into The Cells” and “Every Organ System"
As I have previously noted, Corexit is toxic, is less effective than other dispersants, and is actually worsening the damage caused by the oil spill.
Now, two toxicologists are saying that Corexit is much more harmful to human health and marine life than we've been told.
Specifically Gulf toxicologist Dr. Susan Shaw - Founder and Director of the Marine Environmental Research Institute - dove into the oil spill to examine the chemicals present.
Dr. Shaw told CNN:
If I can tell you what happens — because I was in the oil — to people…
Shrimpers throwing their nets into water… [then] water from the nets splashed on his skin. …
[He experienced a] headache that lasted 3 weeks… heart palpitations… muscle spasms… bleeding from the rectum…
And that’s what that Corexit does, it ruptures red blood cells, causes internal bleeding, and liver and kidney damage. …
This stuff is so toxic combined… not the oil or dispersants alone. …
Very, very toxic and goes right through skin.
***
The reason this is so toxic is because of these solvents [from dispersant] that penetrate the skin of anything that’s going through the dispersed oil takes the oil into the cells — takes the oil into the organs… and this stuff is toxic to every organ system in the body. …
Similarly, marine biologist and toxicologist Dr. Chris Pincetich - who has an extensive background in testing the affects of chemicals on fish - says that Corexit disrupts cell membranes.
He also explains that EPA toxicity testing for Corexit is woefully inadequate, since EPA testing for mortality usually only requires a 96-hour time frame. His doctoral research found that fish that were alive at 96 hours after exposure to pesticide were dead at two weeks, so the chemicals were considered non-lethal for the purposes of the test.
Drs. Shaw and Pincetich are wildlife conservationists. But even industry scientists working for Exxon and the manufacturer of Corexit itself admit that the stuff is toxic.
Sunday, January 27, 2013
Dengue Fever, Neurotoxicity Due to Corexit Exposure, or Both? Either Way, We're the Science Project
While I normally put together a brief statement of the facts, this article needs no introduction, and will most certainly leave you sitting on the edge of your seat. Nice to know "We the People" are basically laboratory rats running around in the US Government's maze. Anyone seen the way out?
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Raise Your Vibration & Increase Well-Being!
Corexit Tied To 'Dengue Fever' In Florida?
Outbreak Leads Back To CIA And Army Experiments
By H.P. Albarelli Jr. and Zoe Martell
7-22-10- With little fanfare on July 13, Florida officials released the findings of a Centers for Disease Control (CDC) study conducted recently in the Key West area revealing that about 10 percent, or 1,000 people, of the coastal town's population are infected with the dengue fever virus.
- While the July 13 release made little mention of it, the CDC study was provoked by an earlier 2009 report that a woman in New York State, who had returned from a Florida Keys' visit, had contracted dengue fever. Within a few weeks of this initial report, two additional cases were discovered in people who had returned from Key West. Over the next three months of 2009, an additional 26 cases were identified, all tied to visits to the town.
- Because of these reported cases, the Florida Keys Mosquito Control District conducted greatly increased aerial spraying to control mosquitoes. Following the spraying, a small amount of other cases were reported, including that of a 41-year-old Key West man who found blood in his urine and had severely aching joints. Following these additional reports, the CDC launched its study of antibodies in Key West residents and found that 5 percent of the town's residents have been exposed to the dengue virus. Said CDC dengue expert, Dr. Christopher J. Gregory, "The best estimate from the survey is that about 5 percent of [residents] was infected in 2009 with dengue." Gregory also stated, "We have known for a while it is a possible risk, but this outbreak shows it is more than possible: It is something that did happen and could happen again."
- Despite the low-key nature of the Florida release, the Homeland Security Administration immediately issued a "terror alert" concerning the findings and Monroe County, within which Key West is located, also issued its own health advisory warning "effective immediately."
- Said Bob Eadie of the Monroe County Health Department, "Dengue is rare in Florida, but not unknown. It's just one of several mosquito-borne illnesses monitored by the department and why we continually remind the public to take precautions against bites." Eadie added, "Many people may be infected and not develop any symptoms. Our department and the CDC will have to do some detective work after interviewing and drawing blood from residents who appear to be perfectly fine but may have the virus."
- Dengue fever is a virus-based disease spread by the bites of mosquitoes. It can be caused by any one of four separate but related viruses carried by infected mosquitoes, most commonly the mosquito Aedes aegypti, found in tropic and subtropic areas. It is commonly found in Southeast Asia, South and Central America, Indonesia and sub-Saharan Africa. Over the past several decades it has been consistently reported that dengue fever has been eradicated in North America. Dengue hemorrhagic fever is a far more severe form of the dengue virus. If untreated, it can be fatal. The chief symptoms of dengue fever are a high fever, severe headache, strong pain behind the eyes, joint, muscle and bone pain, easy bruising, rash and mild bleeding from the nose and gums. There is no cure or vaccine for dengue fever. One can only treat the symptoms in such ways as getting plenty of rest, drink plenty of water, take pain relievers with acetaminophen and promptly consult a skilled physician.
- Hidden History of Dengue
- It appears highly unlikely that any "detective work" performed by the CDC and Florida health officials will unearth evidence of dengue fever being imported into Florida, but that evidence certainly exists. Prior to the recent Key West findings and still today, the CDC has consistently reported that there have been no outbreaks of dengue fever in Florida since 1934 and none in the continental US since 1946. This report is incorrect.
- Unknown to most Americans is that dengue fever has been the intense focus of US Army and CIA biological warfare researchers for over 50 years. Ed Regis notes in his excellent history of Fort Detrick, "The Biology of Doom," that as early as 1942 leading biochemists at the installation placed dengue fever on a long list for serious consideration as a possible weapon. In the early 1950s, Fort Detrick, in partnership with the CIA, launched a multi-million dollar research program under which dengue fever and several addition exotic diseases were studied for use in offensive biological warfare attacks. Assumably, because the virus is generally not lethal, program planners viewed it primarily as an incapacitant. Reads one CIA Project Artichoke document: "Not all viruses have to be lethal ... the objective includes those that act as short-term and long-term incapacitants." Several CIA documents, as well as the findings of a 1975 Congressional committee, reveal that three sites in Florida, Key West, Panama City and Avon Park, as well as two other locations in central Florida, were used for experiments with mosquito-borne dengue fever and other biological substances.
- The experiments in Avon Park, about 170 miles from Miami, were covertly conducted in a low-income African-American neighborhood that contained several newly constructed public housing projects. CIA documents related to its top-secret Project MK/NAOMI clearly indicate that the mosquitoes used in Avon Park were the Aedes aegypti type. Specially equipped aircraft, in one of the larger experiments, released 600,000 mosquitoes over the area. In one of the Avon Park experiments, about 150,000 mosquitoes were dropped in paper bags designed to open upon impact with the ground. Each bag held about 1,000 insects. Besides dengue, some of the mosquitoes were also carrying yellow fever.
Proof Positive: The Voice of the People
As they say, the "proof is in the pudding." The pudding in this situation being, unfortunately, the words from individuals that have suffered from Springtail/Collembola infestation most likely the cause of Morgellons. Some of whom were able to find relief through various forms of treatment. Others who continue to battle. Whether a person's genetic predisposition is responsible for his or her ability to ward off these tiny parasites, or, if the treatments themselves do, in fact work, is an unknown.
But, since the medical profession basically refuses to assist those who are suffering from this parasitic infestation, I figured reposting the following information I found on another blog site might help some individuals who are seeking not merely answers, but more importantly, potential cures.
Any of the "cures" including those in the following YouTube video should, excuse the pun, be "taken with a grain of salt." Always check with a doctor if possible. But, since doctors refuse to even acknowledge Morgellons and Springtails - which are quickly reaching pandemic level - experiment wisely!
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But, since the medical profession basically refuses to assist those who are suffering from this parasitic infestation, I figured reposting the following information I found on another blog site might help some individuals who are seeking not merely answers, but more importantly, potential cures.
Any of the "cures" including those in the following YouTube video should, excuse the pun, be "taken with a grain of salt." Always check with a doctor if possible. But, since doctors refuse to even acknowledge Morgellons and Springtails - which are quickly reaching pandemic level - experiment wisely!
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collembolahumantreatment
Just another WordPress.com site
Hi Everyone! December 8, 2012
A commenter brought to my attention that comments were showing first
and last names. So, I went back and edited out last names. I apologize
for overlooking this and will try to ensure last names aren’t included
in the future. Also, I wanted to mention that I have to approve the
comments before they show up on the page. I will try to get to comments
within a day or two of posting. Thank you for your feedback and
involvement!
Symptoms October 17, 2012
I had a comment asking about symptoms, so I’m just going to highlight my symptoms page.
The main symptoms that my family and I have experienced are:
Nizoral shampoo is a prescription ant-fungal shampoo that I use all over my body. It will relieve the crawling, itching, and bites caused by the fungus. Our doctor has treated others with mites, so he had some sort of protocol including this shampoo and doxycyline. The trick is to find a doctor that is willing to treat you instead of labeling you delusional. What might help is when I went in the first time my doctor took a skin scraping of a fresh bite and didn’t find a bug but found fungus. Perhaps a skin scraping would at least convince a doctor of a fungal infection. Epsom salt baths also provide relief by drying out the bugs and returning your skin to a healthy pH.
A symptom that may identify a collembola infestation is a wispy, feathery feeling and a jumping or popping sensation. These are unique to collembola because they jump. Mites only cause itching and crawling because they only have the ability to crawl.
The main symptoms that my family and I have experienced are:
- itching
- a wispiness on the skin, like a feather brushing it, but nothing’s there
- a crawling sensation: can be caused by the fungus and bug
- a stinging senstation
- “bites”: actually cause by the furcula getting stuck in a pore or a sypmtom of the fungus
Nizoral shampoo is a prescription ant-fungal shampoo that I use all over my body. It will relieve the crawling, itching, and bites caused by the fungus. Our doctor has treated others with mites, so he had some sort of protocol including this shampoo and doxycyline. The trick is to find a doctor that is willing to treat you instead of labeling you delusional. What might help is when I went in the first time my doctor took a skin scraping of a fresh bite and didn’t find a bug but found fungus. Perhaps a skin scraping would at least convince a doctor of a fungal infection. Epsom salt baths also provide relief by drying out the bugs and returning your skin to a healthy pH.
A symptom that may identify a collembola infestation is a wispy, feathery feeling and a jumping or popping sensation. These are unique to collembola because they jump. Mites only cause itching and crawling because they only have the ability to crawl.
BP Oil Disaster Settlement "Zones" vs. True Exposure Boundaries
The class action suit documentation with regard to the BP oil disaster in the Gulf of Mexico, April, 2010, outlines specific "zones" in which residents and workers must have resided during specific time periods in order to be entitled to any settlement options.
These "zones," labeled A through C, were specifically calculated by BP, and are very limited when it comes to medical claims. So, if you resided outside of zones A or B, and you fell ill due to exposure to the oil and Corexit, becoming part of the class action suit against BP was not an option.
Currently there are numerous private law firms that are taking individuals on a case-by-case basis with the intention of filing individualized law suits against BP seeking damages way above the approximate $900 per person payout that BP intends to provide through a class action suit settlement.
Since the Deepwater Horizon disaster, an innumerable amount of people have fallen ill with ailments that even physicians are having a difficult time pinning to any particular causal element, having ruled out exposure to Louisiana crude oil and Corexit based upon the "exposure" zones established by BP, and upheld by the government.
Among the reported ailments are skin rashes and lesions, bleeding from bodily orifices, rupturing of the linings of the lungs, and severe headaches. The list of injuries caused to persons exposed to the oil and Corexit continues to lengthen, as many of the individuals that have fallen ill either failed to make the connection to the oil disaster, or have been exposed more recently to the deadly chemical cocktail as it washes ashore, or due to exposure through the tainted Gulf seafood chain.
Zones A and B are the only areas where residents and cleanup workers were "supposedly" physically exposed to the oil and Corexit (which when combined becomes 10+ times more toxic and lethal), entitling them to have taken part in the class action medical claim against BP, one of the Seven Sisters oil cartel.
But, as far back as August, 2010, merely four months following the explosion of the Macondo Prospect, crude oil and Corexit were washing up along the shores of southerly beaches in Florida. And later, Corexit was even documented as being found in a Homossassa, Florida resident's swimming pool - the home being located inland, on the east side of US Hwy 19.
As of late, Gulf researchers are finding that the seafood harvested out of the Gulf of Mexico is not merely tainted with the byproducts, but many species are also mutating due to nearly three years of exposure to the oil and Corexit (The following YouTube video was taken only two years after the disaster. For current information visit http://gulfresearchinitiative.org/ ).
So, if you or your family have and/or continue to be ill with unexplained ailments, gather up your medical records and begin an online search for a law firm that will represent you against BP (I am not referencing any of the firms by name for obvious reasons, but I suggest you begin your online search in Texas and/or Florida). If you so wish, you may also file your own lawsuit against BP in the United States District Court in Louisiana. By filing Pro Se (representing yourself) you can petition the Court to waive the required filing fees (download the form from the District Court's website).
You are not only entitled to monetary compensation, you are also entitled to answers, THE TRUTH. And, the only way to get BP to own up is for everyone affected to pull together, and STICK TOGETHER. It's time to reclaim what is rightfully ours, and save our Gulf waters if it isn't too late already.
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These "zones," labeled A through C, were specifically calculated by BP, and are very limited when it comes to medical claims. So, if you resided outside of zones A or B, and you fell ill due to exposure to the oil and Corexit, becoming part of the class action suit against BP was not an option.
Currently there are numerous private law firms that are taking individuals on a case-by-case basis with the intention of filing individualized law suits against BP seeking damages way above the approximate $900 per person payout that BP intends to provide through a class action suit settlement.
Since the Deepwater Horizon disaster, an innumerable amount of people have fallen ill with ailments that even physicians are having a difficult time pinning to any particular causal element, having ruled out exposure to Louisiana crude oil and Corexit based upon the "exposure" zones established by BP, and upheld by the government.
Among the reported ailments are skin rashes and lesions, bleeding from bodily orifices, rupturing of the linings of the lungs, and severe headaches. The list of injuries caused to persons exposed to the oil and Corexit continues to lengthen, as many of the individuals that have fallen ill either failed to make the connection to the oil disaster, or have been exposed more recently to the deadly chemical cocktail as it washes ashore, or due to exposure through the tainted Gulf seafood chain.
Zones A and B are the only areas where residents and cleanup workers were "supposedly" physically exposed to the oil and Corexit (which when combined becomes 10+ times more toxic and lethal), entitling them to have taken part in the class action medical claim against BP, one of the Seven Sisters oil cartel.
But, as far back as August, 2010, merely four months following the explosion of the Macondo Prospect, crude oil and Corexit were washing up along the shores of southerly beaches in Florida. And later, Corexit was even documented as being found in a Homossassa, Florida resident's swimming pool - the home being located inland, on the east side of US Hwy 19.
As of late, Gulf researchers are finding that the seafood harvested out of the Gulf of Mexico is not merely tainted with the byproducts, but many species are also mutating due to nearly three years of exposure to the oil and Corexit (The following YouTube video was taken only two years after the disaster. For current information visit http://gulfresearchinitiative.org/ ).
So, if you or your family have and/or continue to be ill with unexplained ailments, gather up your medical records and begin an online search for a law firm that will represent you against BP (I am not referencing any of the firms by name for obvious reasons, but I suggest you begin your online search in Texas and/or Florida). If you so wish, you may also file your own lawsuit against BP in the United States District Court in Louisiana. By filing Pro Se (representing yourself) you can petition the Court to waive the required filing fees (download the form from the District Court's website).
You are not only entitled to monetary compensation, you are also entitled to answers, THE TRUTH. And, the only way to get BP to own up is for everyone affected to pull together, and STICK TOGETHER. It's time to reclaim what is rightfully ours, and save our Gulf waters if it isn't too late already.
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EXCLUSIVE: Tests find sickened family has 50.3 ppm of Corexit’s 2-butoxyethanol in swimming pool — JUST ONE HOUR NORTH OF TAMPA (lab report included)
*Exclusive* Credit: FloridaOilSpillLaw.com
"Our heads are still swimming," stated Barbara Schebler of Homosassa, Florida, who received word last Friday that test results on the water from her family's swimming pool showed 50.3 ppm of 2-butoxyethanol, a marker for the dispersant Corexit 9527A used to break up and sink BP's oil in the Gulf of Mexico.
The problems began for the Scheblers a few weeks after the April 20 blow-out. "Our first clue were rashes we both got early in May. Both my husband and I couldn't get rid of the rashes and had to get cream from our doctor," Schebler noted, "I never had a rash in my life."
Then, on "July [23], my husband Warren mowed the lawn. It was hot so he got in the pool to cool off afterward. That afternoon he had severe diarrhea and very dark urine. This lasted about 2 days."
View Larger Map
Initially, they reasoned this was caused by the heat. The following week Mr. Schebler again mowed the lawn and went in the pool, and again he was sickened with the same severe symptoms.
Suspicious that the pool may be a problem, the family set out to get the water tested. "We have a 15 year old and felt we owed it to him to live in a clean, healthy environment," said Mrs. Schebler.
The Scheblers found Robert Naman, a Mobile, Alabama chemist who's performed multiple tests (1, 2, 3) for WKRG Channel 5, also out of Mobile.
"Warren collected a water sample from the pool filter on August 17th... packed the sample according to Mr. Naman's instructions, and overnighted it to his Mobile, Ala. lab that same day," she noted.
The results were delivered by Naman over the phone on August 27 at 11:00 a.m. EDT. A copy of the findings were then e-mailed to the Scheblers. To view the document, click here.
"Our heads are still swimming," stated Barbara Schebler of Homosassa, Florida, who received word last Friday that test results on the water from her family's swimming pool showed 50.3 ppm of 2-butoxyethanol, a marker for the dispersant Corexit 9527A used to break up and sink BP's oil in the Gulf of Mexico.
The problems began for the Scheblers a few weeks after the April 20 blow-out. "Our first clue were rashes we both got early in May. Both my husband and I couldn't get rid of the rashes and had to get cream from our doctor," Schebler noted, "I never had a rash in my life."
Then, on "July [23], my husband Warren mowed the lawn. It was hot so he got in the pool to cool off afterward. That afternoon he had severe diarrhea and very dark urine. This lasted about 2 days."
View Larger Map
Initially, they reasoned this was caused by the heat. The following week Mr. Schebler again mowed the lawn and went in the pool, and again he was sickened with the same severe symptoms.
Suspicious that the pool may be a problem, the family set out to get the water tested. "We have a 15 year old and felt we owed it to him to live in a clean, healthy environment," said Mrs. Schebler.
The Scheblers found Robert Naman, a Mobile, Alabama chemist who's performed multiple tests (1, 2, 3) for WKRG Channel 5, also out of Mobile.
"Warren collected a water sample from the pool filter on August 17th... packed the sample according to Mr. Naman's instructions, and overnighted it to his Mobile, Ala. lab that same day," she noted.
The results were delivered by Naman over the phone on August 27 at 11:00 a.m. EDT. A copy of the findings were then e-mailed to the Scheblers. To view the document, click here.
Saturday, January 26, 2013
Springtails: Mans Demise?
While I always say that knowledge is power, perhaps this bit of confirmation of the knowledge I've had since March 2011 isn't necessarily power. Where was this information when I was desperately in search of it?
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The
National Pediculosis Association,®
Inc.
A Non-Profit Organization
Serving The Public Since 1983.
A Non-Profit Organization
Serving The Public Since 1983.
From the Freezer to the Frypan: Springtails Will Outlive Us All
An unknown number of Springtail/Collembola species have survived nearly 16 million years on this planet. From freezing temperatures to volcanoes, Springtails will be found thriving. Their ability to adapt to glacial environments, and to heat harden to protect themselves from extreme temperatures makes them nearly impossible to eradicate. And, with 1/3 of the species of organisms thriving in the soil throughout the world being Springtails, what is the future for the remainder of Earth's creatures? Although merely three to four centimeters in size when fully grown, these tiny hexapods may win the war yet.
As they have existed in some of the most extreme climatic regions of the world - the artic being one, and as global warming continues to melt the iciest regions of our planet, these tiny vermin, which make the most of opportunistic situations, hitchhiking on the wings of insects, floating about on ocean currents, and most likely, the breeze, will ultimately have the upper hand - IF THEY DON'T ALREADY.
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Science News
... from universities, journals, and other research organizations
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ShareExtreme Survival: Genes Let Creepy-Crawly Creatures Survive Deep Freeze
July 21, 2009 — Arctic springtails (Megaphorura arctica)
survive freezing temperatures by dehydrating themselves before the
coldest weather sets in. Researchers have now identified a suite of
genes involved in controlling this extreme survival mechanism.
Arctic springtails desiccate themselves in order to survive the worst of polar ice, snow and low temperatures, which can easily reach -14°C. They shrivel up into small husks until, when conditions become more favorable, they rehydrate themselves and re-emerge. This is the first study to identify the genetic basis for this physiological process. To generate the cold-induced gene expression profile of springtails, Clark and her colleagues compared gene expression in groups of the animals exposed to different environmental conditions.
They showed that genes involved in a number of significant cellular processes, namely the production and mobilisation of a natural anti-freeze called trehalose, protection of cellular systems via small heat shock proteins and tissue/cellular remodeling, were activated during the cold-induced dehydration process. Genes that dominated when the animals were allowed to recover at a higher temperature, were those involved in energy production, leading to protein production and cell division.
Speaking about possible implications of this research, Clark said, "This is part of a larger European project called Sleeping Beauty, which is looking at how different animals survive desiccation. Understanding how animals survive harsh cold environments will hopefully provide novel solutions for medical research and preserving tissues for transplant operations".
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From PlanetSave:
Amber Fossil Shows A Springtail Hitchhiking On The Wing Of A Mayfly, A Never Before Seen Behavior
This is the first research to show that springtails travelled on the wings of flying insects like mayflies, and is only the second time this behavior has been observed by researchers.
Springtails are very common throughout the world, nearly any handful of soil you pick up is going to contain large numbers of them. Researchers have found evidence to suggest that they may expand their territory by using ocean currents or by traveling directly on the wind, but modern springtails have never been observed using another insect as a form of transportation. There has only ever been one other fossil discovered to suggest that they used this behavior (on a harvestman).
Planetsave (http://s.tt/1qmKS)Friday, January 25, 2013
Is the Clock Still Counting Down to Ultimate Disaster?
While not a geologist, I do know a thing or two about plate tectonics, sea bottom fissures, and continental drift. The article below, dated June 19, 2010 - merely two months following the BP Deepwater Horizon disaster - references a collapse of the Gulf floor, and the tragedy that will ensue should theory become reality.
If scientists were concerned for the potential of the Gulf of Mexico sea floor to collapse due to the cracks/fissures caused by the capping of the Deepwater Horizon well three years ago, what are their concerns now? The crevices most certainly didn't seal themselves. Continued seismic activity that occurs on a daily basis around the globe, not to mention the nearly 30,000 additional oil platforms that are operating in the Gulf of Mexico, most certainly must be contributing to the potential for the theorized disaster that would top all in history should it occur.
The BP oil spill is about to take a turn for the worse. The
ocean floor on top of the Deepwater Horizon well is showing cracks and
may be on the verge of collapsing completely, increasing the oil spill
in the Gulf of Mexico exponentially.
Several geologists and drilling engineers have studied live video and pictures of the ocean floor structure next to the rising pipe and right above the BP well. They have concluded with certainty that there are several cracks visible already that may further impact the entire integrity of the ocean floor.
The partial capping of the riser pipe may have been the cause that increased the pressure inside the well and caused several cracks on the ocean floor right above it. If the floor were to lose its integrity and collapse, then 150,000 barrels of crude will find its way to the surface of the Gulf of Mexico on a daily basis.
The cracks or collapse of the floor cannot be contained nor remedied with any available technical equipment and may affect other nearby wells that still operate in the vicinity.
Scientists and experts expect that a collapse of the ocean floor will become the largest environmental disaster in history with an uncontrollable amount of crude coming to the surface and further threatening all Gulf States that are already battered and hurt.
The BP solution to use relief drills will not be available until mid August and will be too late to prevent a collapse, deemed to be imminent. More than 150k barrels of crude together with 450 million cubic feet of methane gas will be unleashed in the Gulf of Mexico on a daily basis.
All the crude oil will follow the slip stream of the Gulf Stream and travel along the Eastern seaboard as it makes its way up north and ultimately into the Atlantic.
According to documents obtained from the Coast Guard, the White House was informed of such a threat within days after the collapse of the BP drilling platform on April 22nd but failed to inform the American public.
The cracks on the ocean floor are the direct result of the single string casing used by BP and the failure to apply proper cementing bond logs in addition to only using 6 centralizers instead of the recommended 21.
Written by Nick Doms © 2010, all rights reserved
Comment and add to the story without registration, but keep the comments meaningful please. Links are not accepted
If scientists were concerned for the potential of the Gulf of Mexico sea floor to collapse due to the cracks/fissures caused by the capping of the Deepwater Horizon well three years ago, what are their concerns now? The crevices most certainly didn't seal themselves. Continued seismic activity that occurs on a daily basis around the globe, not to mention the nearly 30,000 additional oil platforms that are operating in the Gulf of Mexico, most certainly must be contributing to the potential for the theorized disaster that would top all in history should it occur.
Ocean floor in Gulf of Mexico on the verge of collapsing
By Nick Doms on 2010-06-19 
The BP oil spill is about to take a turn for the worse. The
ocean floor on top of the Deepwater Horizon well is showing cracks and
may be on the verge of collapsing completely, increasing the oil spill
in the Gulf of Mexico exponentially.
BP Committed to the GulfWaters & Restaurants are Open. The Gulf is Back. Learn More on BP.com. www.BP.com
Several geologists and drilling engineers have studied live video and pictures of the ocean floor structure next to the rising pipe and right above the BP well. They have concluded with certainty that there are several cracks visible already that may further impact the entire integrity of the ocean floor.
The partial capping of the riser pipe may have been the cause that increased the pressure inside the well and caused several cracks on the ocean floor right above it. If the floor were to lose its integrity and collapse, then 150,000 barrels of crude will find its way to the surface of the Gulf of Mexico on a daily basis.
The cracks or collapse of the floor cannot be contained nor remedied with any available technical equipment and may affect other nearby wells that still operate in the vicinity.
Scientists and experts expect that a collapse of the ocean floor will become the largest environmental disaster in history with an uncontrollable amount of crude coming to the surface and further threatening all Gulf States that are already battered and hurt.
The BP solution to use relief drills will not be available until mid August and will be too late to prevent a collapse, deemed to be imminent. More than 150k barrels of crude together with 450 million cubic feet of methane gas will be unleashed in the Gulf of Mexico on a daily basis.
All the crude oil will follow the slip stream of the Gulf Stream and travel along the Eastern seaboard as it makes its way up north and ultimately into the Atlantic.
According to documents obtained from the Coast Guard, the White House was informed of such a threat within days after the collapse of the BP drilling platform on April 22nd but failed to inform the American public.
The cracks on the ocean floor are the direct result of the single string casing used by BP and the failure to apply proper cementing bond logs in addition to only using 6 centralizers instead of the recommended 21.
Written by Nick Doms © 2010, all rights reserved
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What You May Not Know About Corexit that the EPA Should Have Told You
Below is information on the toxicity of the oil dispersants, Corexit 9500 and 9527. Both of which were sprayed by BP in an attempt to combat the oil spill resultant of the explosion of the Macondo Prospect/Deepwater Horizon oil rig.
Both Corexit 9500 and 9527 were approved for use by the Environmental Protection Agency.
Now, nearly three years post, studies are proving that the ingredients of both Corexit 9500 and 9527 are not merely environmentally damaging - causing mass destruction, mutation, and poisoning of the Gulf waters inhabitants, but are also responsible for numerous illnesses, cancer among them, which are afflicting Gulf side residents, cleanup workers, and the like.
So, who is going to pay for the damage, and the medical expenses related to those who have, and continue to be, exposed to the oil and Corexit which is drifting about in Gulf waters?
The class action suit against BP, for those who chose not to opt out, is offering up a mere $900 per person - not nearly enough for a lifetime's worth of illness.
Some of the individuals exposed have reported bleeding from every bodily orifice, rupturing of the red blood cells in the lungs/ ground glass opacity, skin and eye ailments, and worse. And the EPA wants you to believe that Corexit is safe?
What ailments have you and your family experienced after exposure? Post your comments and stories, as they will be added to the ongoing list which many fully intend to bring before not merely BP in individual lawsuits, but also against the United States Government, EPA and all those agencies involved with the "cleanup" of the largest environmental disaster in the history of the nation.
****************************
From Wikipedia, Corexit
Toxicity
There is a scarcity of scientific data regarding the toxicity of Corexit.[4] The majority of studies performed on the dispersant were testing for effectiveness in dispersing oil, rather than on toxicity.[23] The manufacturer's safety data sheet states "No toxicity studies have been conducted on this product," and later concludes "The potential human hazard is: Low."[24] According to the manufacturer's website, workers applying Corexit should wear breathing protection and work in a ventilated area.[25] Compared with 12 other dispersants listed by the EPA, Corexit 9500 and 9527 are either similarly toxic or 10 to 20 times more toxic.[11] In another preliminary EPA study of eight different dispersants, Corexit 9500 was found to be less toxic to some marine life than other dispersants and to break down within weeks, rather than settling to the bottom of the ocean or collecting in the water.[26] None of the eight products tested are "without toxicity", according to an EPA administrator, and the ecological effect of mixing the dispersants with oil is unknown, as is the toxicity of the breakdown products of the dispersant.[26]
Corexit 9527, considered by the EPA to be an acute health hazard, is stated by its manufacturer to be potentially harmful to red blood cells, the kidneys and the liver, and may irritate eyes and skin.[17][27] The chemical 2-butoxyethanol, found in Corexit 9527, was identified as having caused lasting health problems in workers involved in the cleanup of the Exxon Valdez oil spill.[28] According to the Alaska Community Action on Toxics, the use of Corexit during the Exxon Valdez oil spill caused people "respiratory, nervous system, liver, kidney and blood disorders".[19] Like 9527, 9500 can cause hemolysis (rupture of blood cells) and may also cause internal bleeding.[5]
According to the EPA, Corexit is more toxic than dispersants made by several competitors and less effective in handling southern Louisiana crude.[29] On May 19, 2010, the EPA ordered BP to change to a different dispersant than Corexit, or to produce a report within 24 hours on alternatives considered and reasons for their rejection.[30] BP took the latter option, sending its report the next day.[31] On May 26, the EPA told BP to reduce the use of dispersants by 75%;[32] surface use was prohibited unless a request for exemption in specific circumstances was granted, while subsurface use was capped at 15,000 gallons per day.[33] After May 26 daily average use dropped to a little more than 23,000 gallons per day, a 9% drop.[34]
During a Senate hearing on the use of dispersants, Senator Lisa Murkowski asked EPA administrator Lisa P. Jackson whether Corexit use should be banned, stating she didn't want dispersants to be "the Agent Orange of this oil spill".[35][36][37]
Nalco spokesman Charlie Pajor said that oil mixed with Corexit is "more toxic to marine life, but less toxic to life along the shore and animals at the surface" because the dispersant allows the oil to stay submerged below the surface of the water.[38] Corexit 9500 causes oil to form into small droplets in the water; fish may be harmed when they eat these droplets.[5] According to its Material safety data sheet, Corexit may also bioaccumulate, remaining in the flesh and building up over time.[39] Thus predators who eat smaller fish with the toxin in their systems may end up with much higher levels in their flesh.[5] The influence of Corexit on microbiological communities is a topic of ongoing research.[40]
The first analysis of the 57 chemicals found in Corexit formulas 9500 and 9527 was conducted by Earthjustice and Toxipedia Consulting Services in the summer of 2011. Results showed the dispersant could contain cancer-causing agents, hazardous toxins and endocrine-disrupting chemicals.[42] The analysis found "5 chemicals are associated with cancer; 33 are associated with skin irritation from rashes to burns; 33 are linked to eye irritation; 11 are or are suspected of being potential respiratory toxins or irritants; 10 are suspected kidney toxins; 8 are suspected or known to be toxic to aquatic organisms; and 5 are suspected to have a moderate acute toxicity to fish”.[43]
In April 2012, three environmental groups sued the EPA and the Coast Guard, claiming the agencies failed to adequately study the chemicals in dispersants, and the reconstituted oil they target, and to know how endangered species will be affected.[44]
A study from Georgia Tech and Universidad Autonoma de Aguascalientes (UAA), Mexico reported in late 2012 that Corexit used during the BP oil spill made the oil up to 52 times more toxic.[45][7][8] The leader of the study, Roberto-Rico Martinez (UAA), said “Dispersants are preapproved to help clean up oil spills and are widely used during disasters....but we have a poor understanding of their toxicity. Our study indicates the increase in toxicity may have been greatly underestimated following the Macondo well explosion”.
In November 2012, a study released by Florida State University and Utrecht University, Netherlands found Corexit made oil sink faster and more deeply into the beaches, and possibly groundwater supplies.[46] The researchers found that Corexit 9500A allowed the toxic components of crude oil (PAHs) to permeate sand where, due to a lack of sunlight, degradation is slowed. The authors explained, "The causes of the reduced PAH retention after dispersant application has several reasons: 1) the dispersant transforms the oil containing the PAHs into small micelles that can penetrate through the interstitial space of the sand. 2) the coating of the oil particles produced by the dispersant reduces the sorption to the sand grains, 3) saline conditions enhance the adsorption of dispersant to sand surfaces, thereby reducing the sorption of oil to the grains".[45]
A 2012 study clearly suggests that Corexit is highly toxic to early life stages of coral.[47] From the paper, "Even at a low concentration (0.86 ppm) of oil-dispersant mixture diluted over 96 hours, most of the mountainous star coral did not survive".
Both Corexit 9500 and 9527 were approved for use by the Environmental Protection Agency.
Now, nearly three years post, studies are proving that the ingredients of both Corexit 9500 and 9527 are not merely environmentally damaging - causing mass destruction, mutation, and poisoning of the Gulf waters inhabitants, but are also responsible for numerous illnesses, cancer among them, which are afflicting Gulf side residents, cleanup workers, and the like.
So, who is going to pay for the damage, and the medical expenses related to those who have, and continue to be, exposed to the oil and Corexit which is drifting about in Gulf waters?
The class action suit against BP, for those who chose not to opt out, is offering up a mere $900 per person - not nearly enough for a lifetime's worth of illness.
Some of the individuals exposed have reported bleeding from every bodily orifice, rupturing of the red blood cells in the lungs/ ground glass opacity, skin and eye ailments, and worse. And the EPA wants you to believe that Corexit is safe?
What ailments have you and your family experienced after exposure? Post your comments and stories, as they will be added to the ongoing list which many fully intend to bring before not merely BP in individual lawsuits, but also against the United States Government, EPA and all those agencies involved with the "cleanup" of the largest environmental disaster in the history of the nation.
****************************
From Wikipedia, Corexit
Toxicity
There is a scarcity of scientific data regarding the toxicity of Corexit.[4] The majority of studies performed on the dispersant were testing for effectiveness in dispersing oil, rather than on toxicity.[23] The manufacturer's safety data sheet states "No toxicity studies have been conducted on this product," and later concludes "The potential human hazard is: Low."[24] According to the manufacturer's website, workers applying Corexit should wear breathing protection and work in a ventilated area.[25] Compared with 12 other dispersants listed by the EPA, Corexit 9500 and 9527 are either similarly toxic or 10 to 20 times more toxic.[11] In another preliminary EPA study of eight different dispersants, Corexit 9500 was found to be less toxic to some marine life than other dispersants and to break down within weeks, rather than settling to the bottom of the ocean or collecting in the water.[26] None of the eight products tested are "without toxicity", according to an EPA administrator, and the ecological effect of mixing the dispersants with oil is unknown, as is the toxicity of the breakdown products of the dispersant.[26]
Corexit 9527, considered by the EPA to be an acute health hazard, is stated by its manufacturer to be potentially harmful to red blood cells, the kidneys and the liver, and may irritate eyes and skin.[17][27] The chemical 2-butoxyethanol, found in Corexit 9527, was identified as having caused lasting health problems in workers involved in the cleanup of the Exxon Valdez oil spill.[28] According to the Alaska Community Action on Toxics, the use of Corexit during the Exxon Valdez oil spill caused people "respiratory, nervous system, liver, kidney and blood disorders".[19] Like 9527, 9500 can cause hemolysis (rupture of blood cells) and may also cause internal bleeding.[5]
According to the EPA, Corexit is more toxic than dispersants made by several competitors and less effective in handling southern Louisiana crude.[29] On May 19, 2010, the EPA ordered BP to change to a different dispersant than Corexit, or to produce a report within 24 hours on alternatives considered and reasons for their rejection.[30] BP took the latter option, sending its report the next day.[31] On May 26, the EPA told BP to reduce the use of dispersants by 75%;[32] surface use was prohibited unless a request for exemption in specific circumstances was granted, while subsurface use was capped at 15,000 gallons per day.[33] After May 26 daily average use dropped to a little more than 23,000 gallons per day, a 9% drop.[34]
During a Senate hearing on the use of dispersants, Senator Lisa Murkowski asked EPA administrator Lisa P. Jackson whether Corexit use should be banned, stating she didn't want dispersants to be "the Agent Orange of this oil spill".[35][36][37]
Nalco spokesman Charlie Pajor said that oil mixed with Corexit is "more toxic to marine life, but less toxic to life along the shore and animals at the surface" because the dispersant allows the oil to stay submerged below the surface of the water.[38] Corexit 9500 causes oil to form into small droplets in the water; fish may be harmed when they eat these droplets.[5] According to its Material safety data sheet, Corexit may also bioaccumulate, remaining in the flesh and building up over time.[39] Thus predators who eat smaller fish with the toxin in their systems may end up with much higher levels in their flesh.[5] The influence of Corexit on microbiological communities is a topic of ongoing research.[40]
Studies
Alabama researchers found that the dispersant killed plankton and disrupted the Gulf of Mexico's food web, noting "it's like the middle part of the food chain has been taken away".[41]The first analysis of the 57 chemicals found in Corexit formulas 9500 and 9527 was conducted by Earthjustice and Toxipedia Consulting Services in the summer of 2011. Results showed the dispersant could contain cancer-causing agents, hazardous toxins and endocrine-disrupting chemicals.[42] The analysis found "5 chemicals are associated with cancer; 33 are associated with skin irritation from rashes to burns; 33 are linked to eye irritation; 11 are or are suspected of being potential respiratory toxins or irritants; 10 are suspected kidney toxins; 8 are suspected or known to be toxic to aquatic organisms; and 5 are suspected to have a moderate acute toxicity to fish”.[43]
In April 2012, three environmental groups sued the EPA and the Coast Guard, claiming the agencies failed to adequately study the chemicals in dispersants, and the reconstituted oil they target, and to know how endangered species will be affected.[44]
A study from Georgia Tech and Universidad Autonoma de Aguascalientes (UAA), Mexico reported in late 2012 that Corexit used during the BP oil spill made the oil up to 52 times more toxic.[45][7][8] The leader of the study, Roberto-Rico Martinez (UAA), said “Dispersants are preapproved to help clean up oil spills and are widely used during disasters....but we have a poor understanding of their toxicity. Our study indicates the increase in toxicity may have been greatly underestimated following the Macondo well explosion”.
In November 2012, a study released by Florida State University and Utrecht University, Netherlands found Corexit made oil sink faster and more deeply into the beaches, and possibly groundwater supplies.[46] The researchers found that Corexit 9500A allowed the toxic components of crude oil (PAHs) to permeate sand where, due to a lack of sunlight, degradation is slowed. The authors explained, "The causes of the reduced PAH retention after dispersant application has several reasons: 1) the dispersant transforms the oil containing the PAHs into small micelles that can penetrate through the interstitial space of the sand. 2) the coating of the oil particles produced by the dispersant reduces the sorption to the sand grains, 3) saline conditions enhance the adsorption of dispersant to sand surfaces, thereby reducing the sorption of oil to the grains".[45]
A 2012 study clearly suggests that Corexit is highly toxic to early life stages of coral.[47] From the paper, "Even at a low concentration (0.86 ppm) of oil-dispersant mixture diluted over 96 hours, most of the mountainous star coral did not survive".
Thursday, January 24, 2013
My Latest Plea to the CDC
I emailed numerous communications during the months of April through August of 2011 referencing issues of lice, begging for assistance to cure my daughters. Your agency ignored me - even though I referenced every possible effort made on my part to rid my daughters' heads of those nasty parasites.
Then, when forced to send them to my former husband's home for their own health - we did finally rid them of the lice they contracted from elementary school, I emailed the CDC once more.
The email I sent to your organization read something along the lines of:
It wasn't lice after all, it was Springtails/Collembola.
I had samples taken and shipped to labs for analysis. The Senior Environmental Scientist I worked for at the time confirmed pictures of the parasites as being Springtails/Collembola.
Reports prove that one-third of our current soil content is Springtails.
Every nation but our own is researching, delving. Why are you ignoring the obvious?
Let me guess. It's easier on you and your children. The pressure must be intense, but what happens when you're gone? Your children, as well as all children, will be battling. Perhaps, and most likely losing, and dieing. There is no other possibility! Think beyond you're fortune. Think of what you'll leave behind for your children! BE HUMAN FOR GOD'S SAKE...this is perhaps the last of chance you'll have before the powers that be call you.
*********************
Then, when forced to send them to my former husband's home for their own health - we did finally rid them of the lice they contracted from elementary school, I emailed the CDC once more.
The email I sent to your organization read something along the lines of:
It wasn't lice after all, it was Springtails/Collembola.
I had samples taken and shipped to labs for analysis. The Senior Environmental Scientist I worked for at the time confirmed pictures of the parasites as being Springtails/Collembola.
Reports prove that one-third of our current soil content is Springtails.
Every nation but our own is researching, delving. Why are you ignoring the obvious?
Let me guess. It's easier on you and your children. The pressure must be intense, but what happens when you're gone? Your children, as well as all children, will be battling. Perhaps, and most likely losing, and dieing. There is no other possibility! Think beyond you're fortune. Think of what you'll leave behind for your children! BE HUMAN FOR GOD'S SAKE...this is perhaps the last of chance you'll have before the powers that be call you.
*********************
Crude Oil Composition: The Answer to Ailments???
I've always wondered what the exact chemical and organic composition of crude oil was. While the below extracted encyclopedic description from Wikipedia does a phenomenal job at listing that information, what it doesn't do is reference those organisms that have the ability to survive the heat, combustion, and compression of thousands, if not millions and billions of years of time.
Much like the dreaded cockroach which has adapted over the evolutionary period of the Earth's existence to live in environments, walk through modern bug sprays, and come out laughing at you, why can't there be other organisms, parasites, unknowns that have been hidden beneath the crust of our world, that are now being released into our environment....An environment that isn't wholly ready for it.
Corexit, while portrayed to the public as an "oil dispersant," is listed on the chemical platforms as an insecticide used to rid fields of needed crops from parasitism, to feed our nation.
CAN YOU SAY COVER-UP? Why don't they just tell us the truth? Probably because they think that we all live in ignorant bliss. Well, guess what... This American doesn't.
Morgellons, The Seven Sisters/Big Oil, Springtails/Collembola, and perhaps even cancer are interrelated somehow. Like pieces to a puzzle, they need to be put together in order to see the big picture.
********************************
An oil refinery in Mina-Al-Ahmadi, Kuwait
Petroleum (L. petroleum, from Greek: Πέτρα (rock) + Latin: oleum (oil)[1][2][3]) or crude oil is a naturally occurring flammable liquid consisting of a complex mixture of hydrocarbons of various molecular weights and other liquid organic compounds, that are found in geologic formations beneath the Earth's surface. A fossil fuel, it is formed when large quantities of dead organisms, usually zooplankton and algae, are buried underneath sedimentary rock and undergo intense heat and pressure.
Petroleum is recovered mostly through oil drilling. This comes after the studies of structural geology (at the reservoir scale), sedimentary basin analysis, reservoir characterization (mainly in terms of porosity and permeable structures).[4][5] It is refined and separated, most easily by boiling point, into a large number of consumer products, from petrol (or gasoline) and kerosene to asphalt and chemical reagents used to make plastics and pharmaceuticals.[6] Petroleum is used in manufacturing a wide variety of materials,[7] and it is estimated that the world consumes about 88 million barrels each day.
The use of fossil fuels such as petroleum can have a negative impact on Earth's biosphere, releasing pollutants and greenhouse gases into the air and damaging ecosystems through events such as oil spills. Concern over the depletion of the earth's finite reserves of oil, and the effect this would have on a society dependent on it, is a field known as peak oil.
Much like the dreaded cockroach which has adapted over the evolutionary period of the Earth's existence to live in environments, walk through modern bug sprays, and come out laughing at you, why can't there be other organisms, parasites, unknowns that have been hidden beneath the crust of our world, that are now being released into our environment....An environment that isn't wholly ready for it.
Corexit, while portrayed to the public as an "oil dispersant," is listed on the chemical platforms as an insecticide used to rid fields of needed crops from parasitism, to feed our nation.
CAN YOU SAY COVER-UP? Why don't they just tell us the truth? Probably because they think that we all live in ignorant bliss. Well, guess what... This American doesn't.
Morgellons, The Seven Sisters/Big Oil, Springtails/Collembola, and perhaps even cancer are interrelated somehow. Like pieces to a puzzle, they need to be put together in order to see the big picture.
********************************
Petroleum
From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
"Crude Oil" redirects here. For the 2008 film, see Crude Oil (film). For other uses, see Petroleum (disambiguation).
Petroleum is recovered mostly through oil drilling. This comes after the studies of structural geology (at the reservoir scale), sedimentary basin analysis, reservoir characterization (mainly in terms of porosity and permeable structures).[4][5] It is refined and separated, most easily by boiling point, into a large number of consumer products, from petrol (or gasoline) and kerosene to asphalt and chemical reagents used to make plastics and pharmaceuticals.[6] Petroleum is used in manufacturing a wide variety of materials,[7] and it is estimated that the world consumes about 88 million barrels each day.
The use of fossil fuels such as petroleum can have a negative impact on Earth's biosphere, releasing pollutants and greenhouse gases into the air and damaging ecosystems through events such as oil spills. Concern over the depletion of the earth's finite reserves of oil, and the effect this would have on a society dependent on it, is a field known as peak oil.
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